Heatwaves can be deadly, so it’s important to stay cool and recognise the signs of heat-related illnesses. These conditions can develop quickly when the body is unable to cool itself in extreme heat, especially with dehydration or strenuous activity. While there’s no age limit to the risk, everyone can take steps to prevent or avoid heat-related illnesses with the right precautions.
Understanding Heat-Related Illnesses
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body overheats due to high temperatures, dehydration, or physical exertion. Symptoms can develop gradually, including heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and cool, pale, clammy skin. The causes include prolonged exposure to high temperatures, dehydration, and strenuous activity in the heat.
Heat stroke, on the other hand, is a medical emergency where the body can no longer regulate its temperature. It can be life-threatening if untreated and often occurs after prolonged heat exposure or intense physical activity. Symptoms include a high body temperature (103°F/39.4°C or higher), rapid pulse or breathing, confusion or unconsciousness, and hot, dry skin (no sweating). Risk factors include vulnerable groups such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and those with certain health conditions or on specific medications.
Risk Factors for Heat-Related Illnesses
Certain groups of people are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses, and it’s important to recognise the risk factors to take proper precautions.
- Age: The elderly and young children are more vulnerable to heat.
- Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory issues increase risk.
- Medications: Diuretics and antihistamines can affect hydration and sweating.
- High-Risk Environments: Outdoor workers and those in heatwaves are at greater risk.
Preventing Heat-Related Illnesses
- Stay Hydrated
Importance of drinking water and avoiding alcohol and caffeine.
- Appropriate Clothing
Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothes and use of hats and sunscreen.
- Limit Outdoor Activity
Rest during the hottest parts of the day and take frequent breaks in shaded or cool areas when outside.
- Understand Your Limits
Be aware of the early signs of heat exhaustion to take action before it worsens.
Practical Tips for Staying Safe in Hot Weather
- Use fans or air conditioning.
- Take cool showers or baths.
- Apply cool compresses to the skin.
- Keep your home cool (close blinds, use light-colored curtains).
How to Treat Heat-Related Illnesses
- Heat Exhaustion
- Rest in a cool place.
- Drink fluids (preferably water or sports drinks).
- Remove tight clothing and apply cool compresses.
- Heat Stroke
- Call emergency services immediately.
- Move the person to a cooler area.
- Apply cool water to the skin (ice packs, cool baths).
- Monitor for signs of unconsciousness.
Plexus Support for Heat-Related Illnesses
Plexus offers expert health advice to help manage heat-related illnesses by providing access to medical professionals who can offer personalised guidance based on your individual health conditions. Our team helps you stay safe in extreme heat with tailored recommendations. If you experience dehydration or heat stress, we provide medical consultations to address these issues and offer ongoing monitoring and support, especially for those at higher risk, ensuring you receive the care and attention you need during heat waves.
