Dementia is a pressing health challenge in Australia today. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), dementia was the second leading cause of death in 2022, responsible for nearly 17,800 deaths (9.3% of all deaths). By 2023, an estimated 411,100 Australians were living with dementia, equating to 15 people per 1,000 Australians. Among individuals aged 65 and over, this number increases significantly to 84 per 1,000. Notably, nearly two-thirds (63%) of those affected are women.
While some lifestyle choices may reduce risk, dementia cannot be entirely prevented, and anyone can develop it. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and best ways to provide care is crucial in improving the quality of life for those affected and breaking the stigma we have in the community.
What Is Dementia?
Dementia is a progressive neurological condition that affects memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform daily activities. It is caused by damage to brain cells, impairing communication between them and leading to cognitive decline. Contrary to common belief, dementia is not a normal part of aging. While aging increases the risk, dementia is a disease that affects various brain functions beyond just memory loss.
Common Misconceptions
- Myth: Dementia only affects memory.
Fact: It also impacts communication, reasoning, emotions, and behavior. - Myth: Dementia is an inevitable part of aging.
Fact: While risk increases with age, dementia is not a natural aging process but a medical condition.
Early Signs to Look Out For
- Memory loss that disrupts daily life
- Confusion about time, place, or familiar tasks
- Difficulty finding words or maintaining conversations
- Mood or personality changes, including anxiety, depression, or aggression
- Behavioral symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, or withdrawal from social interactions
Risk Factors for Dementia
Several factors contribute to the likelihood of developing dementia:
- Uncontrollable Factors: Aging, genetics, and family history
- Lifestyle-Related Factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption
- Medical Conditions: Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and high blood pressure
While not all risk factors can be controlled, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help support brain health and overall well-being.
Stages of Dementia
Dementia progresses through three key stages, gradually affecting memory, behavior, and independence.
- Early Stage: Mild Symptoms That May Go Unnoticed
Symptoms are subtle and often mistaken for aging, including occasional forgetfulness, difficulty finding words, and mild confusion. Individuals may struggle with complex tasks but remain mostly independent. Early diagnosis is key to managing progression.
- Middle Stage: Increased Cognitive Decline and Behavioral Changes
Memory loss worsens, leading to difficulty recognising familiar faces, repeating questions, and struggling with conversations. Behavioral changes such as mood swings, agitation, and anxiety become common. Assistance with daily tasks like dressing and hygiene is often needed.
- Late Stage: Severe Impairment, Full-Time Care Needed
Severe memory loss, loss of speech, and inability to recognise loved ones occur. Individuals require full-time care for basic needs and may become bedridden. Comfort care is essential to maintain quality of life.
Alzheimer’s vs. Dementia: What’s the Difference?
Dementia is an umbrella term for conditions that cause cognitive decline. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type, but there are several other forms, each with distinct causes and symptoms.
Types of Dementia
- Alzheimer’s Disease – Progressive memory loss, confusion, and difficulty recognising loved ones
- Vascular Dementia – Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, leading to impaired judgment and problem-solving
- Lewy Body Dementia – Hallucinations, movement problems, and fluctuating cognitive abilities
- Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) – Affects personality, behavior, and language before memory loss
- Mixed Dementia – A combination of different types, often leading to more rapid progression
Importance of Early Detection and Diagnosis
Early detection of dementia is crucial for managing symptoms, planning care, and improving quality of life. Recognising the signs early allows individuals to seek medical advice, undergo assessments, and receive a timely diagnosis. Dementia is diagnosed through cognitive tests, medical history evaluations, brain imaging, and sometimes genetic testing. Early diagnosis provides access to treatment options that can help slow progression, improve daily functioning, and offer better symptom management. It also allows families to plan for the future, access support services, and make informed decisions about care. Plexus offers expert screening, early detection services, and personalised care planning to support individuals and their families in navigating dementia with confidence and the best possible care.
Treatment, Management, and Support
While there is no cure for dementia, various treatment and management strategies can help improve quality of life.
Medical Treatments
- Dementia-Specific Medications – Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can help manage symptoms and slow cognitive decline.
- Primary Healthcare Support – Ongoing medical care helps monitor symptoms and manage co-existing conditions.
- Hospitalisation – In advanced cases, medical intervention may be necessary for complications such as infections or severe behavioral issues.
Caring for a Loved One with Dementia
Supporting someone with dementia requires patience, understanding, and practical caregiving strategies:
- Maintain a structured routine
- Use clear and calm communication
- Create a safe and comfortable environment
- Address behavioral changes with reassurance and redirection
Resources and support groups are available to help caregivers manage the emotional and physical demands of caring for someone with dementia.
How Can We Help?
At Plexus South Yarra, we provide expert dementia care, ensuring early detection, personalised treatment, and ongoing support for patients and caregivers.
- Expert Screenings & Diagnosis – Early detection allows for timely intervention and better care planning.
- Personalised Care Plans – Tailored treatment plans focus on medication management, lifestyle support, and symptom relief.
- Ongoing Support – Guidance, education, and resources help caregivers manage daily challenges with confidence.
With Plexus, you’re never alone—our team is here to support you every step of the way.
